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Nulang Changelog

This changelog is organized by stability tier (see GOVERNANCE.md §2), not by release. The tier determines what may change and how. The crate version in Cargo.toml is the implementation version; the language version ([package.metadata] language-version, and LANGUAGE_VERSION in src/format/constants.rs) is what this changelog tracks — it moves only on RFC-ratified change.

Language version: 1.0.0-frozen (since 2026-07-19; RFCs 0001, 0002).

Frozen tier

Will never break. A change here is a new language and requires a new major version + migration.

Language version 1.0.0-frozen — 2026-07-19

  • RFC 0001 — Format Stability. Established versioned, frozen binary formats for durable artifacts and the wire protocol.
    • .nbc bytecode artifact format version 1 (magic NLBC, header with format_version, language_version, BLAKE3 source_hash). Codec: CodeModule::to_nbc / from_nbc in src/format/nbc.rs.
    • NUL0 wire protocol handshake version 1 (16-byte {magic "NUL0", version u32, node_id u64}). Unknown versions are refused, never reinterpreted. src/runtime/network.rs.
    • Value layout version 1 (src/value_layout.rs, i64-tagged).
    • Migration registry src/format/migrate.rs as the sole legal home for format upgrades. v1→v1 identity.
    • FormatError enum: Truncated, BadMagic, UnsupportedVersion, IncompatibleLanguage, LengthMismatch, UnknownOpcode, BodyDecode, BadConstant.
  • RFC 0002 — Frozen Core. Defined Nulang Core, the minimal frozen subset: fn/let/if/match/closures, Int/Bool/String/Unit/Nil/ Vec/Map/tuples/records/enum, HM inference over this subset, IO.print and IO.read only, val capability only. Every Core program valid today is valid in every future version.
  • Stability contract published as SPEC2.md §"Format Stability" and GOVERNANCE.md.

Stable tier

Breaking changes require an accepted RFC and a deprecation cycle of at least two major versions.

Unchanged at 1.0.0-frozen

The following are classified Stable as of 1.0.0-frozen. They have not changed in this version; they are recorded here to establish their tier.

  • The full HM type system and inference rules (src/typechecker.rs).
  • The effect-row system: closed/open rows, regions (src/effect_checker.rs).
  • The capability lattice (iso/trn/ref/val/box/tag/lineariso) and subtyping (src/effect_checker.rs).
  • The actor surface: spawn, send, receive, supervision (src/runtime/, src/vm.rs).
  • CRDT operations and merge semantics (src/runtime/crdt.rs, src/runtime/crdt_reg.rs).

Added since 1.0.0-frozen — 2026-07-23

  • RFC 0005/0007 — entity keyword and event sourcing. entity desugars to persistent actor with event_sourced default state model. events and apply blocks for typed event declarations and automatic state mutation. emit EventName(args) type-checked against entity event declarations. after ms => expr standalone sugar. Entity events validated at compile time; unknown events produce type errors.
  • RFC 0008 — Migration contracts. version: N and migration from N to M { ... } blocks parsed inside entity declarations. AST/HIR/bytecode metadata wired through pipeline. Migration state bodies and event-migration handlers are now type-checked.
  • RFC 0009 — Organization primitives. organization keyword parsed and desugared to entity with durable defaults. is_organization flag tracked through AST → HIR → bytecode.
  • RFC 0003 Item 6 — Backend trait boundary. JitBackend, WasmBackend, CryptoProvider, ForeignInterop, HttpProvider traits defined in src/backends/mod.rs. JIT and WASM wired behind traits.
  • MIR register spilling. Functions with more locals than fit in the register file (238 usable registers) now spill excess locals into a frame-local Vec<Value> via SpillLoad/SpillStore opcodes (0xF5/0xF6). Fix (2026-07-24): replaced post-processing spill rewrite with inline SpillLoad/SpillStore emission during codegen, removing the 17-slot capacity limit entirely. Round-robin temp register allocation (r12/r13/r14) prevents clobbering in multi-operand spilled reads. Net -112 lines. Unblocks the self-hosting bootstrap compiler (RFC 0003 Item 3).
  • Self-hosting bootstrap: Stage 5 (closures with env capture). The bootstrap/compiler_core.nula Pratt evaluator now supports fn(x) => body lambdas, function application f(arg), and environment capture (let a = 3 in (fn(x) => a + x)(5) → 8). Closure encoding: 30-bit flag with packed param-hash, body-start, and captured binding. Out-of-band sentinel 1 << 40 distinguishes "no left operand" from value 0.
  • Formal semantics: capability lattice proofs. All five lattice theorems in spec/formal/capabilities.lean proved via exhaustive case analysis: join_assoc, join_comm, join_idem, cap_sendable, discharge_sendable. The core HM soundness theorems (types.lean) remain open.

Experimental tier

No stability promise. May change or be removed in any release. Behind a feature flag or explicitly marked experimental.

Current experimental surface

  • wasm-backend feature: the WASM compiler (src/mir_wasm.rs) and Wasmtime host runtime (src/wasm_runtime.rs). Behind --features wasm-backend.
  • python feature: PyO3 interop (src/python/). Behind --features python.
  • sqlite feature: libsql/Turso persistence. Behind --features sqlite.
  • lsp feature: the tower-lsp language server (src/lsp/). Behind --features lsp.
  • ai-runtime feature: the AI runtime (crates/nulang-ai/ workspace crate, re-exported through src/ai/) — LLM providers (OpenAI, Ollama), pipelines, debates, supervisor teams, memory subsystems, and usage tracking. Behind --features ai-runtime (enabled by default). Changed in 1.0.0-frozen: all AI effects now dispatch through the generic PerformAsync opcode (0xC6) with effect_op strings ("Inference.ask", "Pipeline.run", etc.). The dedicated LlmAsk opcode and the PipelineNew…DebateRun opcode range (0x9D–0xC5) have been removed. AI types live in the nulang-ai crate with zero core dependencies; the core ActorVmCallbacks trait no longer carries AI-specific methods. The LLM effect redirects to Provider.ask under the hood.
  • AOT native backend (src/aot/), JIT tiering (src/jit/), QUIC transport (src/runtime/quic_transport.rs).

Pre-1.0 (crate version 0.13.0-alpha.1 and earlier)

No stability promise. The 0.x series is the alpha development track. Language version 1.0.0-frozen is the first version with a published stability contract; everything before it is implicitly Experimental.