lesson-api-rate-limit-handling.json

{
  "task_id": "lesson-api-rate-limit-handling",
  "title": "API 请求限流 (Rate Limit) 处理方案",
  "domain": "devops",
  "tags": [
    "api",
    "rate-limit",
    "retry",
    "429"
  ],
  "problem": "调用第三方 API 时返回 HTTP 429（Too Many Requests）或 403（被限流）。自动化脚本因未处理限流而中断。",
  "solution": "```python\nimport time\nimport requests\n\ndef api_call_with_retry(url, headers, max_retries=5):\n    for i in range(max_retries):\n        resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)\n        \n        if resp.status_code == 200:\n            return resp.json()\n        \n        if resp.status_code == 429:\n            wait = int(resp.headers.get(\"Retry-After\", 2 ** i))\n            print(f\"限流，等待 {wait} 秒后重试...\")\n            time.sleep(wait)\n            continue\n        \n        # 其他错误不重试\n        resp.raise_for_status()\n    \n    raise Exception(f\"超过最大重试次数: {url}\")\n\n# GitHub API 特殊：检查剩余配额\nresp = requests.get(\"https://api.github.com/rate_limit\")\ndata = resp.json()\nprint(f\"剩余: {data['rate']['remaining']}/{data['rate']['limit']}\")\n```",
  "source": "lessons/contrib/api-rate-limit-handling.md",
  "test_cmd": ""
}